A system-on-chip (SoC) is an integrated circuit that combines all or most of the components required for a complete electronic system onto a single chip. An SoC typically includes a central processing unit (CPU), memory, input/output (I/O) interfaces, and other components such as graphics processing units (GPUs), digital signal processors (DSPs), and specialized hardware accelerators. The primary goal of an SoC is to reduce the size, cost, and power consumption of electronic systems, making them more efficient and suitable for a wide range of applications.